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Tumpeng sebagai Simbol: Tinjuan Etnolinguistik Makna Makanan Pada Tradisi Baritan di Dataran Tinggi Dieng
Abstract
Javanese people use food in various traditional rituals as symbols that represent certain meanings and philosophies, one of which is Tumpeng and is used in the Baritan tradition by people in Java. This research aims to reveal the meaning of food in the form of tumpeng in the Baritan tradition practiced by people in the Dieng Plateau, Central Java. This research uses a qualitative approach with ethnolinguistic methods to study and explain the meaning of food. Data and data sources include food used in the traditions held. Data collection techniques through field observations, interviews and documentation. The data was analyzed using meaning triangle analysis to decipher symbols through the stages of understanding concepts, signs and signifiers. The results of the research show that the food used in the Baritan tradition by the people of the Dieng Plateau includes tumpeng with various special colors which have meanings and philosophical elements which also come in various shapes accompanied by complementary foods such as ingkung chicken and apem. The use of this food has meaning and has philosophical value in the form of expressing gratitude to God, hope for abundant sustenance from nature, and apologizing to God and fellow humans. The Baritan tradition in the Dieng Plateau has the meaning of strengthening the relationship between humans, humans and nature, humans and their ancestors, and the relationship between humans and God. Thus, food, especially tumpeng, is not only used for tradition, but also has deep meaning and philosophy so that it represents people's beliefs.
Abstrak
Masyarakat Jawa menggunakan makanan dalam berbagai ritual tradisi sebagai simbol yang merepresentasikan makna dan filosifi tertentu salah satunya yakni Tumpeng dan digunakan pada tradisi Baritan oleh masyarakat di Jawa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap makna makanan berupa tumpeng pada tradisi Baritan yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat di Dataran Tinggi Dieng, Jawa Tengah. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode etnolinguistik untuk mengkaji dan menjabarkan makna makanan. Data dan sumber data berupa makanan yang digunakan dalam tradisi yang digelar. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi lapangan, wawancara, serta dokumentasi. Data dianalisis dengan analisis segitiga makna guna menguraikan simbol melalui tahapan pemahaman konsep, tanda, dan petanda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa makanan yang digunakan pada tradisi Baritan oleh masyarakat Dataran Tinggi Dieng meliputi tumpeng dengan beragam warna khusus yang memiliki pemaknaan dan unsur filosofis yang juga beragam bentuknya disertai dengan makanan pelengkap seperti ayam ingkung dan apem. Penggunaan makanan tersebut memiliki makna dan memiliki nilai filosofos berupa ungkapan rasa syukur pada Tuhan, harapan akan rezeki yang melimpah dari alam, serta permohonan maaf pada Tuhan dan juga sesama manusia. Tradisi Baritan di Dataran Tinggi Dieng memiliki makna memperkuat hubungan antara sesama manusia, manusia dengan alam, manusia dengan leluhur, dan hubungan manusia dengan Tuhan. Dengan demikian, makanan khususnya tumpeng tidak hanya dimanfaatkan untuk tradisi, tetapi juga memiliki makna dan filosofi mendalam sehingga merepresentasikan keyakinan masyarakat.
Keywords
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