Perbandingan Suara Humanisme dalam di Bawah Langit Tak Berbintang dan Laut Bercerita

Rudi Ekasiswanto

Abstract

This research aims to reveal the articulation of humanism in Di Bawah Langit Tak Berbintang and Laut Bercerita. From the preliminary reading, humanism is the most apparent theme in the story structure, thus it needs to be further explored. A Bakhtian-style dialogic perspective and narratological analysis methods are used. There are several research results. First, Di Bawah Langit and Laut Bercerita relatively have the same stylistic diversity in terms of the presence of the author’s voice through the narrator, the stylization of everyday narratives (the experience of being an exile in China and student activism during the New Order era), extraliterary forms (the speech of the Biru Laut character to Asmara Jati, although he is dead), philological-scientific statements (ethnographic description of Cianjur, historical information about the G 30S PKI, moral statements about the nature of learning, the Kamisan action, and the violence in May 1998), as well as speeches between characters that show conflict and collective interaction. Second, the stylistic diversity shows the differences between the two works. In Di Bawah Langit, humanism is oriented toward individual interests so that individualist humanism is formed, only including Utuy himself. In contrast, in Laut Bercerita, humanism focuses on community relations, the nation-state, and the memory of the May 1998 violence in Indonesia. This shows that the two novels have different orientations, between individual and collective. By operating Bakhtin's theory in a comparative manner on two Indonesian novels, this research demonstrates that humanism is voiced not through a singular way, but rather in a plural manner. This can be further explored to reveal the diversity of humanistic voices in Indonesian novels.

 

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan artikulasi humanisme dalam Di Bawah Langit Tak Berbintang karya Utuy Tatang Sontani dan Laut Bercerita karya Leila S. Chudori. Dari pembacaan awal, humanisme merupakan muatan yang paling tampak dalam struktur cerita sehingga perlu diungkapkan lebih lanjut. Perspektif dialogis ala Bakhtian dan metode analisis naratologis digunakan untuk membongkar keberagaman stilistik sehingga dapat ditemukan artikulasi humanisme dalam kedua karya itu. Terdapat beberapa hasil penelitian. Pertama, Di Bawah Langit dan Laut Bercerita relatif memiliki keberagaman stilistik yang sama dalam hal kehadiran suara pengarang melalui narator, stilisasi narasi sehari-hari (pengalaman sebagai eksil di Tiongkok dan aktivisme mahasiswa pada masa Orde Baru), bentuk ekstraliter (ucapan tokoh Biru Laut kepada Asmara Jati meskipun ia telah mati), pernyataan filologis-saintis (deskripsi etnografis Cianjur, informasi sejarah G 30S PKI, pernyataan moral tentang hakikat belajar, aksi Kamisan, dan kekerasan Mei 1998), serta tuturan antartokoh yang menunjukkan konflik dan interaksi kolektif. Kedua, keberagaman stilistik ter-sebut menunjukkan perbedaan antara kedua karya. Dalam Di Bawah Langit, humanisme berorientasi pada kepentingan individu sehingga terbentuk humanisme individualis, yang hanya menyangkut diri Utuy sendiri. Sebaliknya, dalam Laut Bercerita, humanisme berorientasi pada relasi masyarakat, negara-bangsa, dan memori kekerasan Mei 1998 di Indonesia. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kedua novel memiliki orientasi yang berbeda, antara individu dan kolektif. Dengan mengoperasikan teori Bakhtin secara komparatif pada dua novel Indonesia, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa humanisme disuarakan bukan dengan cara tunggal, melainkan plural. Hal ini dapat ditelusuri lebih lanjut untuk mengungkapkan keberagaman suara humanisme dalam novel-novel Indonesia. 

Keywords

humanisme; Di Bawah Langit Tak Berbintang; Laut Bercerita; dialogis

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