Orientasi Budaya Manusia Toraja dalam Puama Suatu Tinjauan Hermeneutika Perspektif Hans-Georg Gadamer

Berthin Simega

doi:10.29255/aksara.v36i1.4162.109--123

Orientasi Budaya Manusia Toraja dalam Puama Suatu Tinjauan Hermeneutika Perspektif Hans-Georg Gadamer

Berthin Simega

Abstract

This study is reviewed under hermeneutics to identify the cultural orientation of Torajan people in Puama a Hermeneutics Review of Hans-Georg Gadamer's Perspective. The information is presented orally by the storyteller, who narrates the characters' behaviors and events in puama while expressing thoughts that are pertinent to the study subject. Research data was collected through several techniques: (1) recording, (2) observation, and (3) in-depth interview. The data analysis technique used in this study is cyclical pattern technique. The results of this study show that the Torajan people have spiritual, traditional, and mythical cultural orientations. Spiritual cultural orientation in puama or Toraja folklore was found in their obedience to aluk (faith), ada’na pemali (AAP or laws of taboos). The Torajan people's submission to agreements reached through ma'kombongan (deliberation) activities can be used to identify their traditional cultural orientation. Torajan mythical cultural orientation in Toraja folklore was found in their belief in pemali (taboos/prohibitions). Puama was used to determine the Torajan cultural orientations, it is therefore imperative to be preserved as one source of Torajan knowledge and local wisdom (indigenous or local knowledge) which in turn beneficial for any stakeholders.

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan informasi tentang orientasi budaya manusia Toraja melalui pendekatan hermeneutika perspektif Hans-Georg Gadamer. Data berupa tuturan lisan dari juru cerita yang menggambarkan peristiwa dan tindakan para tokoh dalam puama yang mengandung pemikiran-pemikiran yang terarah pada fokus masalah penelitian. Data penelitian dikumpulkan melalui teknik (1) rekam, (2) observasi, dan (3) wawancara mendalam. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik cyclical pattern. Temuan penelitian ini, yaitu orientasi budaya manusia Toraja adalah orientasi budaya spiritual, orientasi budaya tradisional, dan orientasi budaya mitis. Orientasi budaya spiritual manusia Toraja dalam puama atau Cerita Rakyat Toraja (CRT) ditemukan pada ketaatannya terhadap aluk, ada’ na pemali (AAP). Orientasi budaya tradisional ditemukan melalui sikap tunduk manusia Toraja pada kesepakatan melalui kegiatan ma’kombongan (musyawarah). Orientasi budaya mitis manusia Toraja dalam CRT ditemukan melalui kepercayaannya pada pemali (pantangan/larangan). Dengan teridentifikasinya orientasi budaya manusia Toraja melalui puama tersebut, puama perlu dilestarikan sebagai salah satu satu sumber pengetahuan dan kecerdasan lokal (indigenous or local knowledge) masyarakat Toraja yang dapat bermanfaat bagi pemangku kepentingan.

Keywords

hermeneutika; manusia Toraja; orientasi budaya; puama

Full Text:

PDF

References

Aggestam, L. (2018). Role identity and the Europeanisation of foreign policy: A political–cultural approach. Rethinking European Union Foreign Policy, 81–98. https://doi.org/10.7765/9781526137647.00011

Alem, A., Kebede, D., & Kullgren, G. (1999). The prevalence and socio-demographic correlates of khat chewing in Butajira, Ethiopia. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 100(SUPPL.S397), 84–91. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1600-0447.1999.TB10699.X

Aulia, G. R., & Nawas, S. S. (2021). Implementasi nilai-nilai toleransi umat bergama pada upacara rambu solo di tana toraja. Jurnal Ushuluddin: Media Dialog Pemikiran Islam, 23(2). https://doi.org/10.24252/JUMDPI.V23I2.23115

Baan, A., Deli, M., Allo, G., & Patak, A. A. (2017). The cultural attitudes of a funeral ritual discourse in the indigenous Torajan, Indonesia. Heliyon, e08925. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08925

Benavides, L. E. (2012). A Phenomenological Study of Spirituality as a Protective Factor for Adolescents Exposed to Domestic Violence. Journal of Social Service Research, 38(2), 165–174. https://doi.org/10.1080/01488376.2011.615274

Benham, C., & Hoerst, D. (2024). What role do social-ecological factors play in ecological grief?: Insights from a global scoping review. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 93. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JENVP.2023.102184

Bignante, E. (2015). Therapeutic landscapes of traditional healing: building spaces of well-being with the traditional healer in St. Louis, Senegal. Social and Cultural Geography, 16(6), 698–713. https://doi.org/10.1080/14649365.2015.1009852

Blitt, R. C. (2023). Justifying War: Russia’s 2020 Constitutional Amendments and the Invasion of Ukraine. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.4377109

Bombongan, S., Salu, R., & Herman, J. (2023). Pembelajaran berbasis semiotika bagi kecerdasan spiritual anak dalam konteks keluarga Kristen Toraja. KURIOS (Jurnal Teologi Dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen), 9(2), 419–431. https://doi.org/10.30995/KUR.V9I2.766

Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches (4th ed.). Sage.

Czobor-Lupp, M. (2008). Hannah Arendt on the Power of Creative Making in a World of Plural Cultures. The European Legacy, 13(4), 445–461. https://doi.org/10.1080/10848770802180722

Davis, D. E., Hook, J. N., Van Tongeren, D. R., Gartner, A. L., & Worthington, E. L. (2012). Can Religion Promote Virtue?: A More Stringent Test of the Model of Relational Spirituality and Forgiveness. International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 22(4), 252–266. https://doi.org/10.1080/10508619.2011.646229

Gadamer, H. G. (1992). Hans-Georg Gadamer on education, poetry, and history: Applied hermeneutics. Suny Press.

Gilmore, E. A., Wrathall, D., Adams, H., Buhaug, H., Castellanos, E., Hilmi, N., McLeman, R., Singh, C., & Adelekan, I. (2024). Defining severe risks related to mobility from climate change. Climate Risk Management, 100601. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CRM.2024.100601

Hafid, Abd. (2016). Hubungan sosial masyarakat multietnik di kabupaten luwu sulawesi selatan. Al-Qalam, 22(2). https://doi.org/10.31969/ALQ.V22I2.353

Hussein, J. W. (2016). The social–psychological and phenomenological constructs of spirituality in the culture of dhikr in Eastern Ethiopia. 24(1), 26–48. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354067X16672415

Kurniati, N., Khaliq, A., Bulan, A., Yapis Dompu, S., & Info Abstrak Tanggal Publikasi, A. (2019). Penilaian Sikap, Pengetahuan dan Keterampilan Dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris yang Berorientasi Kurikulum 2013. Seminar Nasional Taman Siswa Bima, 1(1), 309–316. http://semnas.tsb.ac.id/index.php/prosiding/article/view/112

Nasrul, M., & Elihami, E. (2022). Representasi Kode dalam Rombu Solo Desa Ranga Kabupaten Enrekang: Kajian Semiotika. Jurnal Edukasi Nonformal, 3(1), 206–220. https://ummaspul.e-journal.id/JENFOL/article/view/4101

Nugroho, D. A., Pratiwi, A., Negeri, U. I., & Makassar, A. (2021). Structure of actant in cinderella and datukalindidi’ sola pudukbalengkare. English Language, Linguistics, and Culture International Journal, 1(3), 131–138. https://doi.org/10.24252/ELSTIC-IJ.V1I3.23460

Nur, M. (2020). Kearifan Lokal Sintuwu Maroso sebagai Simbol Moderasi Beragama. PUSAKA, 8(2), 241–252. https://doi.org/10.31969/PUSAKA.V8I2.423

Rohman, M., & Mukhibat, M. (2017). Internalisasi nilai-nilai sosio-kultural berbasis etno-religi di man yogyakarta III. Edukasia: Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Islam, 12(1), 31. https://doi.org/10.21043/EDUKASIA.V12I1.1771

Sanderan, R. (2020). INTUISI: Pendalaman Gagasan Hans-George Gadamer tentang Intuisi sebagai Supralogika. Jurnal Ilmiah Religiosity Entity Humanity (JIREH), 2(2), 114–125. https://doi.org/10.37364/JIREH.V2I2.39

Schmidt, L. (2016). Understanding Hermeneutics. Understanding Hermeneutics, 1–184. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315539331/UNDERSTANDING-HERMENEUTICS-LAWRENCE-KENNEDY-SCHMIDT

Sermada, D., Stft, K., & Sasana, W. (2002). Agama dan kebudayaan dalam perspektif filsafat hermeneutis. Studia Philosophica et Theologica, 2(2), 129–139. https://doi.org/10.35312/SPET.V2I2.154

Shimul, A. S., Faroque, A. R., Teah, K., Azim, S. M. F., & Teah, M. (2024). Enhancing consumers’ intention to stay in an eco-resort via climate change anxiety and connectedness to nature. Journal of Cleaner Production, 442. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2024.141096

Simega, B. (2013). Hermeneutika Sebagai Interpretasi Makna Dalam Kajian Sastra. Jurnal Keguruan Dan Ilmu Pendidikan, 2(1), 24–48. https://doi.org/10.47178/JKIP.V2I1.152

Simega, B., Bahasa, P., Sastra, D., Fkip, I., & Toraja, U. (2014). Nilai Sosial Dalam Cerita Rakyat Toraja Tulangdidi’ Suatu Tinjauan Sosiologi Sastra. Jurnal Keguruan Dan Ilmu Pendidikan, 3(2), 551–562. https://doi.org/10.47178/JKIP.V3I2.175

Tschakert, P., Ellis, N. R., Anderson, C., Kelly, A., & Obeng, J. (2019). One thousand ways to experience loss: A systematic analysis of climate-related intangible harm from around the world. Global Environmental Change, 55, 58–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.GLOENVCHA.2018.11.006

Urfan, N. F. (2022). Pemuda pada Masa Pendudukan Jepang di Jawa: Semiotika Sampul Depan Djawa Baroe 1943-1945. Jurnal PIKMA: Publikasi Ilmu Komunikasi Media Dan Cinema, 5(1), 27–44. https://doi.org/10.24076/PIKMA.V5I1.847

Watkins, L., & Gnoth, J. (2011). The value orientation approach to understanding culture. Annals of Tourism Research, 38(4), 1274–1299. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ANNALS.2011.03.003

Widayati, W., & Andharu, D. (2022). Representasi Konspirasi Politik dalam Novel Tetralogi Dangdut Karya Putu Wijaya (Kajian Sosiopragmatik). Wahana, 74(2), 233–254. https://doi.org/10.36456/WAHANA.V74I2.6303

Wu, W., Huang, Y., Fath, B. D., Schwarzfurtner-Lutnik, K., & Harder, M. K. (2024). Using desirable urban states to understand key linkages between resilience subsystems. Journal of Cleaner Production, 436. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2024.140678

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.29255/aksara.v36i1.4162.109--123